Preklinis Study: Folate Acid Supplementation Effects on Colorectal Cancer Risk

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In North America, the trend of folic acid exposure during fetal and early infant life showed significant improvement with respect to fortifikasi folic acid, the widespread use of folic acid as a supplement, and an increase in folic acid supplementation around the time of conception. The researchers from the University of Toronto, Canada, led by dr. Sie, to see whether folic acid supplementation associated with decreased colorectal cancer risk. For that, they did a study preklinis, the results published in the journal Gut in 2011.

In the study, a number of female rats are grouped into two categories: control diet group and diet group suplemental (2.5 x control). Diet provided by mating, during pregnancy and during breastfeeding. At the time
of breastfeeding, child rats from each maternal diet group were randomly divided into control and diet groups suplemental diet group (n = 55 in each group, both the parent group or groups of young rats mice). Given for 31 weeks of diet and colorectal cancer induced by azoxymethane when young rats 5 weeks old. In nekropsi, a number of parameters of colorectal cancer, as the level of colorectal epithelial proliferation, apoptosis, and global DNA methylation, measured in children in rats.

As a result, maternal folic acid supplementation during pregnancy significantly reduce the risk of colorectal cancer as much as 64% in offspring (OR 0.36; 95% CI 0.18 to 0.71; p = 0.003). Sons of the control diet group of rats given folic acid supplementation post-weaning multiplication tumors showed a much higher than other groups (p <0.05). Maternal folic acid supplementation and post-weaning interact reduce colorectal epithelial proliferation (p <0.05). Maternal folic acid supplementation and post-weaning significantly reduces DNA damage in the colon and rectum (p <0.05). Maternal folic acid supplementation significantly increase global DNA methylation (p = 0.007), while folic acid supplementation post-weaning significantly reduce the global DNA methylation (p <0.001).
In conclusion, folic acid supplementation can prevent the development of colorectal cancer in the offspring by increasing the global DNA methylation, reduces epithelial proliferation, and reduce DNA damage in the colon and rectum.