Effectiveness of chemotherapy and its effects

Chemotherapy is a cancer treatment in the medical use of drugs to treat various types of cancer. Ordinary given before or after surgery. The goal of chemotherapy is to eradicate all the cancer cells get to the roots, up to a location that is not affordable scalpel and least able to control the cancer cells so as not to spread more widely.

Two main reasons Chemotherapy is often done to control or eliminate the tumor to relieve cancer symptoms such as pain. This type of chemotherapy is called palliative chemotherapy.

While chemotherapy does any other purpose is to prevent the reappearance of cancer cells after surgery or radiation therapy to control tumor.

This type of chemotherapy is called adjuvant chemotherapy. The way the chemotherapy is working with the target and eliminate cancer cells that grow very rapidly in the body.

Basically, the treatment of cancer depends on the type or types of cancer and where the cancer. Age, general health condition of patients and treatment system also affects the process of cancer treatment. In the case of cancer, the main treatment is through:

    Surgery or Surgery
    Chemotherapy or by giving drugs
    Beam radiotherapy or Use of Radiation

But in fact, will typically use more than one way of treatment. For instance surgery followed by chemotherapy or radiotherapy, and sometimes treatment must be done by using the 3 combination.

Basically the main goal of surgery is to remove the cancer as a whole because the cancer can be cured only if it has not spread to other places. While chemotherapy and radiation intended to kill cancer cells or stop the growth of cancer cells that are still left behind.

Chemotherapy is a treatment process by using medications aimed at killing or slowing the growth of cancer cells. Chemotherapy drugs are usually administered intravenously or orally. The frequency and duration of chemotherapy depends on the type of cancer, stage, other health problems, types of chemotherapy drugs are prescribed, and other methods of treatment used.

Are There Side Effects of Chemotherapy?
Depending on the type, chemotherapy is given every day, once a week, three weeks, even once a month. How many series of patients have to undergo chemotherapy, also depending on the type of cancer sufferers. The most feared side effects of chemotherapy is. Side effects of chemotherapy depend on many things, among other types of chemotherapy drugs, the condition of your body, your mental condition, and so on.

Chemotherapy side effects occur because chemotherapy drugs are very powerful, and kill not only cancer cells, but also attack healthy cells, especially cells that divide rapidly. Therefore the side effects of chemotherapy appear on parts of the body that his cells are rapidly dividing. Side effects can arise when doing the treatment or some time after treatment. Side effects that may arise is, among others:

    The body felt weak
    This is a common side effect is found, the onset can be sudden or slow. Sometimes it can continue until the end of treatment, and does not disappear simply by resting.
    Nausea and vomiting
    There are several chemotherapy drugs are more make nausea and vomiting. In addition there are some people who are very prone to nausea and vomiting. This can be prevented by a given anti-nausea drugs before, during, or after chemotherapy treatment.
    Indigestion
    Some types of chemotherapy drugs have an effect diarrhea. There's even a diarrhea accompanied by severe dehydration should be treated. Constipation can sometimes occur. If diarrhea: subtract fiber foods, cereals, fruits and vegetables. Drink plenty to replace lost fluids.
    Sprue and affect sense of taste
    Some chemotherapy drugs cause mouth diseases such as thick or infection. Chemotherapy can also damage taste receptors in the mouth. Changes in sense of taste is usually started a week after the chemotherapy began and lasted for 3-4 weeks.
    Hair loss
    Hair loss is temporary, usually two or three weeks after chemotherapy begins. Can also cause hair breakage near the scalp. Can occur after several weeks of therapy. Hair can grow back after chemotherapy is completed.
    Muscle and nerve disorders
    Some chemotherapy drugs cause tingling and numbness in the fingers or toes, and weakness in leg muscles.
    Effects on blood
    Some types of chemotherapy drugs can affect the bone marrow of work which is the manufacturer of the blood cells, thereby decreasing the number of blood cells. The most frequent is a decrease in white blood cells (leukocytes). Decrease in blood cells occur in every chemotherapy and blood tests will be carried out before the next chemotherapy to ensure blood cell count has returned to normal. Decrease in the number of blood cells can lead to infections, bleeding, and anemia.
    The skin can become dry and discolored
    More sensitive to the sun. Nails grow more slowly and there are white lines across.
    Hormone production is not stable
    Lowered libido and affect fertility in both men and women.

Some dietary supplement products claim to reduce the side effects of chemotherapy as well as rebuild the condition of your body. You can use it, but please check with an expert, and certainly with your doctor as well.

Adopted from www.deherba.com

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GnRH agonist therapy and premature ovarian failure

In young women who develop breast cancer, ovarian suppression while using triptorelin, a gonadotropin-releasing hormone analog, during the process of chemotherapy proved to reduce the incidence of premature menopause. These findings have been published in the Journal of the American Medical Association in July 2011 and is the result of a study in Italy.

The team of researchers from the Instituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Genoa, headed by dr. Lucia Del Mastro, underlined that about 6% of women diagnosed with breast cancer under the age of 40 years, and mostly treated with chemotherapy or hormonal therapy. So far, there has been no standard therapies are applied to prevent the occurrence of premature ovarian failure. To investigate the protective effects of temporary ovarian suppression during the treatment of breast cancer, the researchers recruited 281

Savor the fruit soursop for cancer

Soursop or also known as the Soursop. In addition to delicious, this fruit is also rich in drug content.
Efficacy of soursop fruit gives effect anti-tumor / cancer is very strong, and medically proven to cure all kinds kanker.Selain cure cancer, soursop fruit also acts as an anti-bacterial, anti fungi (fungi), effektive against various types of parasites / worms, lowering high blood pressure, depression, stress, and normalize the nervous system that are less good.

It was a sweet acidity that provides sensation for the fans. For those who like breakfast with bread, fruit soursop are also often added in the form of jam. Whatever the form of processed products, the taste of soursop remains strongly attached to the product, making it very easy to recognize.

The content of soursop fruit is as follows:
Rich in Vitamin C
Soursop fruit consists of 67.5 percent pulp, 20 percent of the fruit peel, fruit seeds 8.5 percent and 4 percent of the fruit core.
After water, the highest content of nutrients in the soursop is carbohydrates. One type of carbohydrate in the soursop fruit is a reducing sugar (glucose and fructose) with levels of 81.9 to 93.6 percent of the total sugar content.
Soursop fruit contains very little fat (0.3 g/100 g), so it is good for health. Sour taste in soursop derived from non-volatile organic acids, particularly malic acid, citric acid, and acid isositrat.
Vitamins are the most dominant in the soursop fruit is vitamin C, which is about 20 mg per 100 grams of fruit

Effect of statins against cancer

The use of statins was not associated with an increased risk of cancer. This is based on the results of retrospective analysis conducted by dr. Claudio Marelli et al. of S2 Statistical Solutions in Cincinnati, Ohio, United States, and has been published in the Journal of the American College of Cardiology July 2011 issue. While another study, conducted by Jenny Poyntern et al. from the Departments of Epidemiology University of Michigan, United States, showed that statin use is accompanied with a reduction in relative risk of colorectal cancer by 47%. There is also another study, conducted by dr. Elizabeth Platz et al. from the Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, showed that administration of statins is not associated with risk of prostate cancer and even reduce the risk of prostate cancer. Another study, conducted

Pancreatic cancer therapy with paclitaxel

Pancreatic cancer, including cancers that are difficult to treat. It is seen from at least the development of effective chemotherapeutic drugs for cancers. Gemcitabine is the standard therapy and has been recommended. The problem is, after progression with gemcitabine achieved, not many treatment options is recommended, even NCCN recommends to get therapy clinical trials are being conducted. In addition, the choice of second-line therapy, ie capecitabine, 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin/oxaliplatin, or a combination regimen of capecitabine / oxaliplatin.

A retrospective study conducted recently on 30 the subject of people with pancreatic cancer in order to assess the benefits and tolerability of weekly cycles of paclitaxel as second-line therapy for patients with pancreatic cancer refractory to gemcitabine. Paclitaxel administered in doses of 80 mg/m2 per week (for 3

Potential Metformin as an anti-cancer

Metformin, is one of the medications Diabetes Mellitus (DM) type 2, lately, through several pre-clinical studies are known to have anti-tumor effects. Metformin is the drug of first choice for all patients as DM therapy, unless contraindicated. It turned out that besides the drug is economical drug is also known to have diverse effects pleiotropik, one of which is as anti-cancer properties. As written in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, published in 2009 by Pamela J. Goodwin.

Nevertheless anti-tumor mechanism of metformin is not known with certainty. Several hypothesis: through activation of AMP kinase pathway (AMPK), which is a sensor of cellular energy and potentially a pathway

Cancer can strike a man

A man is more difficult to see a doctor than women. And if a man regularly went to the doctor then some dangerous diseases can be detected early, including one cancer. The sooner known to the possibility of treatment and cure of cancer patients will be even greater.

Not all cancers will be dangerous though to give specific symptoms, but there are some symptoms that warrant concern that men can lead to cancer. Although it is not certain cancers but could at least be encouraged to come to the doctor.

There are several symptoms of cancer that should not be ignored by men, namely:

Lumps in the breast

Every man anyone would not be expected to suffer from breast cancer. Although not common, but the

Acetaminophen Long Term Use of Lower Prostate Cancer Risk

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Use of aspirin and NSAIDs (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) long-term, is associated with a decreased risk of prostate cancer in some epidemiological studies. Research conducted by Eric Jacobs, Ph.D., an epidemiologist at the American Cancer Society led the research on long-term use of acetaminophen with prostate cancer incidence in 78,485 men (Cancer Prevention Study II Nutrition Cohort).
Information obtained by the use of acetaminophen using kuosioner completed at baseline in 1992 and updated using kuosioner follow-up in 1997 and every 2 years thereafter. During follow-up period from 1992

Effect watching television on the health

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Watching television (TV) is prolonged and frequent behavior and pervasive in individuals in industrialized countries and has been associated with increased morbidity and mortality. This was the conclusion of a meta-analysis conducted Grøntved A,. et al., published in the Journal of the American Medical Association in 2011. In the study mentioned watching television in a long time will increase the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease and risk of death regardless of cause.

Studies conducted by Dr. Grøntved A,. Et al. such, is a meta-analysis of 8 clinical studies collected from the database 1974 to March 2011 without restrictions and by reviewing reference lists of retrieved articles.

Effects of urinary tract infections in pregnant women

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Women who experience antepartum infection during pregnancy or childbirth, especially urinary tract infections (UTI), will be more likely to have children with asthma, this is according to a study Dr. Charlene Hooper, of Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut is presented at the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists' (ACOG) 59th Annual Clinical Meeting. In the study reported that an increased risk of asthma in children of women who are undiagnosed infection before delivery.

In this study involving as many as 1428 pregnant women, who then followed the group of their descendants through structured interviews and records until their children reach the age of 6 years. Asthma is defined by

Addition of dexamethasone to antibiotic therapy

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The addition of dexamethasone to antibiotic therapy shortens the duration of inpatient care in hospitals on patients suffering from CAP (community-acquired pneumonia) without interference with the immune system. This finding is the result of random double-blind study with placebo control, performed on 304 patients with CAP (age> 18 years) at two teaching hospitals in the Netherlands - 153 patients in the placebo group and 151 patients in the dexamethasone group (infusion of 5 mg / day ). Therapy given for 4 days from hospitalized

Cefixime is more effective than ciprofloxacin for Urinary Tract Infection Women without complications

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Cefixime is more effective and safer than ciprofloxacin for women with uncomplicated urinary tract infections, this is the result of research presented in the 21st European Congress of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ECCMID). In his research Dr. Evgeny Dovgan from the Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Smolensk State Medical Academy, Smolensk, Russia, mentioning that this study aims to compare the efficacy and safety of cefixime and ciprofloxacin antibiotic use short-term (5 days) for the treatment of female urinary tract infection without complications.

Of the total of 104 premenopausal women with symptoms of uncomplicated urinary tract infections were randomly assigned to cefixime 400 mg once daily for 5 days or ciprofloxacin 250 mg/500 mg obtain twice

Eszopiclone plus escitalopram for Patients Insomnia and Generalized Anxiety Disorder

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Provision of eszopiclone with escitalopram simultaneously improving the quality of sleep, daily activities, reduce anxiety, improve mood (atmosphere and the feeling) and well tolerated in patients with insomnia and GAD (Generalized Anxiety Disorder). This finding is the result of research conducted dr. Mark Pollack and colleagues from Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA. The results of this study have also been published in the journal Archives of General Psychiatry.
Research conducted a double-blind study, randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel group, and involved patients aged 18-64 years who meet DSM IV-TR criteria for GAD and insomnia. Patients given 10 mg of

Preklinis Study: Folate Acid Supplementation Effects on Colorectal Cancer Risk

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In North America, the trend of folic acid exposure during fetal and early infant life showed significant improvement with respect to fortifikasi folic acid, the widespread use of folic acid as a supplement, and an increase in folic acid supplementation around the time of conception. The researchers from the University of Toronto, Canada, led by dr. Sie, to see whether folic acid supplementation associated with decreased colorectal cancer risk. For that, they did a study preklinis, the results published in the journal Gut in 2011.

In the study, a number of female rats are grouped into two categories: control diet group and diet group suplemental (2.5 x control). Diet provided by mating, during pregnancy and during breastfeeding. At the time

Multidetector Computed Tomography (MDCT) is recommended to Do Before Action Apendektomi

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Multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) is a sensitive and specific tool and should become standard treatment for the diagnosis of suspected appendicitis in adults, according to an analysis of the use of MDCT studies reported in the Annals of Internal Medicine in June 2011.
 In the study, conducted assessments manfaatdiagnostik MDCT for the diagnosis of suspected acute appendicitis in adults. From studies conducted retrospektf U.S. academic medical centers, found as many as 2871 consecutive adults referred for MDCT performed with suspicion of appendicitis from January 2000 until December 2009. Radiologist who was informed of indications interpreted not focus with

Drug Politerapi Antiepileptik During Pregnancy and Risk of Fetal Malformations

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During pregnancy, drug politerapi antiepileptik (OAE), which includes valproate sustained a risk of malformations in the fetus than politerapi without this drug. This finding is the result of the study dr. Lewis Holmes and colleagues, from MassGeneral Hospital for Children in Boston, which was published online in mid June 2011 in the Archives of Neurology. During this time, it is known that women who consume more than one type of OAE during pregnancy have a higher risk of having infants with severe congenital malformations, compared to pregnant women who use only one type of OAE. Studies conducted dr. Holmes and his team will further strengthen the evidence of close links politerapi OAE use by pregnant women with the risk of malformations in the fetus. The study, named the North American AED Registry revealed that the risk of malformations increased significantly in

Benefits and Risks Intra-arterial Chemotherapy for Retinoblastoma

Intra-arterial chemotherapy for the treatment of retinoblastoma can result in "dramatic response", but also raises the risk of side effects ranging from mild to severe. This finding revealed by dr. Carol Shields and colleagues, from the Wills Eye Institute Philadelphia, published in the Archives of Ophthalmology. In the study, intra-arterial chemotherapy (intra-arterial chemotherapy, IAC) was done in 17 children with retinoblastoma are aged 4 to 74 months. Complete response was found in 14 children and 10 of whom remained free of tumor when performed follow-up a year later.
Successful catheterization in 16 children with retinoblastoma median basal dimension of 20 mm and the average thickness of 9 mm. IAC is actually scheduled for 3 times with an interval of one month, but the researchers decided not to increase the cycles of chemotherapy if the tumor has shown complete regression. IAC is a primary therapy in 12 children, and the eyeball was saved in eight children among them - including all children who are classified as category C or D according to the International Classification of Retinoblastoma (scale categories: A through E; E most severe). Meanwhile, the eyeball is also saved on 2 of 4 children who underwent the IAC as a secondary therapy. Primary tumor regresses post-chemotherapy; basal dimensions shrink 31% and the thickness decreased 56%.
Tumor recurrence occurred in three children only once, each in the form of solid tumor, the seeds of the tumor in subretina (subretinal seeds), and the seeds of the tumor in the anterior chamber or glass body (anterior chamber or vitreous seeds). Enucleation had to be done in six children, external beam radiotherapy twice, and plaque radiotherapy once. Recognized researchers, IAC has a number of advantages over other therapeutic modalities for retinoblastoma cases, partly because the dose is small enough to do one day so enlarge the biological effects at the target location while minimizing toxic effects on other body parts. However, the IAC procedure is technically quite difficult, and children should be watched closely in order to be aware of the possibility of serious side effects. During follow-up period, reported some mild side effects of short duration, covering palpebra edema (in 13 children a month later), blefaroptosis (10 children), and orbital congestion (12 children), all of which recovered within 6 months. More serious side effects of oftalmika artery stenosis (3 cases of permanent, temporary 1 case) and central retinal artery occlusion (two cases of permanent, one temporary).
Researchers recommend that each health care center is working on fluorescein angiography IAC always do first in order to assess ocular blood flow, especially for detecting atrophy of the choroid. The team of researchers themselves have diagnosed five cases of choroid atrophy among patients who participated in this study. "The impact of atrophy of the choroid to the sharpness of vision can be very bad boy. In fact, enucleation should be performed on the eyeball atrophy choroid; if not, the child continues to be blind," said dr. Shields. Not encountered in cases of arterial embolism, metastasis, neurological defects, occlusion of the internal carotid artery or femoral artery, and stroke in children.
Thus, dr. Shields concludes that although retinoblastoma is very responsive to the IAC, the tendency should be wary of the emergence of toxic effects due to exposure to chemotherapy or radiotherapy. Therefore, the IAC for retinoblastoma should be considered with caution in certain cases.

Albumin levels is a predictor of nephropathy and cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes

Urinary albumin levels (UAC - Urinary albumin concentration) yan gdiperoleh of random checks can predict the presence of diabetic nephropathy, cardiovascular events, and death, as the ratio of albumin: creatinine (ACR) in patients with type 2 diabetes, according to the results of this study Dr. Luciana V. Viana, who delivered in the 93rd Annual Meeting of the Endocrine Society (Endo) in June 2011.
An examination of the urine is done randomly, using urine ACR, become the preferred method for diagnosing the presence of microalbuminuria, which is a risk factor for diabetic nephropathy, cardiovascular disease, and death. Although, several studies have assessed the benefits of using UAC in random urine tests for the

Gefitinib for Lung Cancer Non-Small-Cell

The results of a meta-analysis revealed that oral gefitinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor class of drugs, is effective as first-line therapy in patients living with lung cancer non-small-cell tumor whose cells contain the EGFR mutations (epidermal growth factor receptor). Early treatment with gefitinib produces ORR (objective response rate) and PFS (progression-free survival) is better, as well as the toxicity profile and quality of life, when compared with chemotherapy. The results of Dr.. Geoffrey Y. Ku and colleagues, from Johns Hopkins Singapore International Medical Center, is published online on Lung Cancer in May 2011.

FDA: Antihypertensive Class ARB (Angiotensin Receptor Blockers) are not Increase Cancer Risk

Analysis conducted by the FDA (Food and Drug Administration) show that Americans ARB class of antihypertensive drugs (Angiotensin Receptor Blockers) does not cause the incidence of new cancers in patients. This statement was delivered by the U.S. FDA in connection with the results of controversial meta-analysis conducted by dr. Ilke Sipahi and colleagues from University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, United States, which showed that therapy with an ARB can lead to new cancer. The announcement from the FDA regarding the lack of association between cancer therapy with the ARB must clarify this controversial news.

Experimental studies show that the renin angiotensin system, particularly angiotensin receptor type 1 and type 2, associated with cell proliferation, angiogenesis and tumor progression. The results of experimental studies