Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a combination of spectrum-related disorders, including hiatal hernia, reflux disease with associated symptoms, erosive esophagitis, peptic strictures, Barrett esophagus, and esophageal adenocarcinoma. In addition to several pathophysiology and the relationship between some of these disorders, GERD is also characterized by the occurrence of identical co-morbidities and by the epidemiological behavior of similar patients.
Environmental risk factors in the etiology of GERD disease showed a marked and formed from temporal and geographical variations. Also variation by time, geography and race. Between 1975 and 2005, the incidence of GERD and esophageal adenocarcinoma has increased five-fold in most Western countries. The incidence
of GERD also appears to be increasing in most advanced countries in Asia. All forms of severe GERD, such as erosive esophagitis, peptic strictures, Barrett metaplasia and esophageal adenocarcinoma, is more common among whites than other ethnic groups.
Obesity as a risk factor: Barrett's esophagus and adenocarcinoma of the esophagus which tends to occur more often subject to higher income. Overweight and obesity contribute to the development of hiatal hernia, increased intra-abdominal pressure, and promotes gastroesophageal reflux. Added weight improving symptoms of reflux, whereas weight loss reduces the onset of symptoms. Other risk factors, such as smoking, alcohol, fatty foods, or drugs, only played a minor role in shaping the epidemiological pattern of GERD. Protection against Helicobacter pylori: At a population level, prevalence of H. pylori is a high possibility of lower levels of secretion of acid and protect some of the carriers of infection to disease reflux and related complications. Several studies have confirmed about a lower prevalence of infection H. pylori among subjects with or without GERD. Until now, the population in Africa and Asia may have been protected against the development of GERD and adenocarcinoma of the esophagus with their higher prevalence of infection H. pylori.
Conclusion: The study of environmental risk factors may provide an opportunity to better understand and develop means of prevention of GERD.
The article was adopted from www.gerdcare.org
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